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== Initializing a git repository ==
== Initializing a git repository ==


To initialize a new git repository, run:
* To initialize a new git repository, run:
<pre>
<pre>
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git init test
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git init test
Line 23: Line 23:
</pre>
</pre>


To make an already existing directory, a git repo, run:
* To make an already existing directory, a git repo, run:
<pre>
<pre>
cd EXISTING_DIRECTORY
cd EXISTING_DIRECTORY
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Once you have made changes to the files in a git repository, you can review your edits using following commands.
Once you have made changes to the files in a git repository, you can review your edits using following commands.


To list all new or modified files to be commited:
* To list all new or modified files to be commited:
<pre>
<pre>
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git status
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git status
Line 47: Line 47:
</pre>
</pre>


To show file differences that have not yet been staged for a commit:
* To show file differences that have not yet been staged for a commit:
<pre>
<pre>
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git diff
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git diff
Line 61: Line 61:
</pre>
</pre>


To see the file differences for file that have been staged, use: '''git diff --staged'''
* To see the file differences for file that have been staged, use: '''git diff --staged'''


== Commit a file ==
== Commit a file ==
Line 70: Line 70:
This snapshots/stages the file in preparation for versioning.
This snapshots/stages the file in preparation for versioning.


Next commit these changes  to record file snapshots permanently in version history
* Next commit these changes  to record file snapshots permanently in version history
<pre>
<pre>
git commit -m "YOUR_COMMIT_MESSAGE"
git commit -m "YOUR_COMMIT_MESSAGE"
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Browse and inspect the evolution of project files
Browse and inspect the evolution of project files


To list version history for the current branch
* To list version history for the current branch
<pre>
<pre>
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git log
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git log
Line 101: Line 101:
</pre>
</pre>


To list version history for a particular file in your project:
* To list version history for a particular file in your project:
<pre>
<pre>
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git log --follow test1
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git log --follow test1
Line 112: Line 112:
</pre>
</pre>


To output metadata and content changes of the specified commit:
* To output metadata and content changes of the specified commit:
<pre>
<pre>
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git show 5d71077
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git show 5d71077
Line 135: Line 135:


== Git branches ==
== Git branches ==
To list all local branches in the current repository
* To list all local branches in the current repository
<pre>
<pre>
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch
Line 142: Line 142:
</pre>
</pre>


Create a new branch
* Create a new branch
<pre>
<pre>
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch new_branch
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch new_branch
Line 151: Line 151:
</pre>
</pre>


Switch to the specified branch and updates the working directory
* Switch to the specified branch and updates the working directory
<pre>
<pre>
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git checkout new_branch
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git checkout new_branch
Line 161: Line 161:
</pre>
</pre>


Combine the specified branch’s history into the current branch
* Combine the specified branch’s history into the current branch
<pre>
<pre>
git merge [branch]
git merge [branch]
</pre>
</pre>
*Example
** Example
<pre>
<pre>
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git status
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git status
Line 187: Line 187:
  test | 2 +-
  test | 2 +-
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git log
commit e6a159184073ed1915fec03f87c6c5866fb099df
Author: ravi89 <ravi89@uab.edu>
Date:  Tue Jun 19 13:27:40 2018 -0500
    Commit to new_branch
commit 65d20658d2972e2b64b5f8eb192c59d63c90d398
Author: ravi89 <ravi89@uab.edu>
Date:  Tue Jun 19 11:43:34 2018 -0500
    Adding feature1
commit 5d710775910a9fbea8d06a50ced9f5d59e893589
Author: ravi89 <ravi89@uab.edu>
Date:  Mon Jun 18 16:32:42 2018 -0500
    Second commit
commit 39313b92a2cb796dae1d53bc44d0ab4b07a9a13f
Author: ravi89 <ravi89@uab.edu>
Date:  Mon Jun 18 16:29:32 2018 -0500
    First commit
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$
</pre>
</pre>


Delete the specified branch.
* Delete the specified branch.
<pre>
<pre>
git branch -d [branch-name]
git branch -d [branch-name]

Revision as of 20:50, 19 June 2018

Git is a version control system for tracking changes in computer files and coordinating work on those files among multiple people.


Configuration

To configure user information for all local repositories use the following commands:

  • Set the name you want attached to your commit transactions.
 git config --global user.name "[name]"
  • Set the email you want atached to your commit transactions
git config --global user.email "[email address]"

Initializing a git repository

  • To initialize a new git repository, run:
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git init test
Initialized empty Git repository in /data/user/ravi89/HPC_Training/Tutorial_June_2018/test/.git/
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$
  • To make an already existing directory, a git repo, run:
cd EXISTING_DIRECTORY
git init

Review changes

Once you have made changes to the files in a git repository, you can review your edits using following commands.

  • To list all new or modified files to be commited:
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#	test
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$
  • To show file differences that have not yet been staged for a commit:
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git diff
diff --git a/test b/test
index 19e2dd9..d04e379 100644
--- a/test
+++ b/test
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
 Show git status
+
+Demo git diff
[ravi89@login001 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git status
  • To see the file differences for file that have been staged, use: git diff --staged

Commit a file

To commit a file you first need to add the file where you have made changes, i.e. stage the file:

git add CHANGED_FILE

This snapshots/stages the file in preparation for versioning.

  • Next commit these changes to record file snapshots permanently in version history
git commit -m "YOUR_COMMIT_MESSAGE"

Git History

Browse and inspect the evolution of project files

  • To list version history for the current branch
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git log
commit 69314c321f5e56eb3f39d7c6588db3994493cbd9
Author: ravi89 <ravi89@uab.edu>
Date:   Mon Jun 18 16:48:18 2018 -0500

    Testing branch and graph

commit 5d710775910a9fbea8d06a50ced9f5d59e893589
Author: ravi89 <ravi89@uab.edu>
Date:   Mon Jun 18 16:32:42 2018 -0500

    Second commit

commit 39313b92a2cb796dae1d53bc44d0ab4b07a9a13f
Author: ravi89 <ravi89@uab.edu>
Date:   Mon Jun 18 16:29:32 2018 -0500

    First commit
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$
  • To list version history for a particular file in your project:
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git log --follow test1
commit 4b679447ceeae3c5c95575eab301c20b2d893b06
Author: ravi89 <ravi89@uab.edu>
Date:   Tue Jun 19 10:25:48 2018 -0500

    Adding a new file
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$
  • To output metadata and content changes of the specified commit:
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git show 5d71077
commit 5d710775910a9fbea8d06a50ced9f5d59e893589
Author: ravi89 <ravi89@uab.edu>
Date:   Mon Jun 18 16:32:42 2018 -0500

    Second commit

diff --git a/test b/test
index 19e2dd9..d04e379 100644
--- a/test
+++ b/test
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
 Show git status
+
+Demo git diff
[ravi89@c0027 Tutorial_June_2018]$

NOTE: In the above example, we have used first 7 characters of the commit hash, instead of the entire commit hash. Minimum number of characters required for it to be useful is 4, but it is recommended to use 6-8 characters for higher likelihood of uniqueness.

Git branches

  • To list all local branches in the current repository
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch
* master
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$
  • Create a new branch
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch new_branch
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch
* master
  new_branch
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$
  • Switch to the specified branch and updates the working directory
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git checkout new_branch
Switched to branch 'new_branch'
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch
  master
* new_branch
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$
  • Combine the specified branch’s history into the current branch
git merge [branch]
    • Example
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git status
# On branch new_branch
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#	modified:   test
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git add test
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git commit -m "Commit to new_branch"
[new_branch e6a1591] Commit to new_branch
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git merge new_branch
Updating 65d2065..e6a1591
Fast-forward
 test | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$
  • Delete the specified branch.
git branch -d [branch-name]
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch
* master
  new_branch
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch -d new_branch
Deleted branch new_branch (was e6a1591).
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$ git branch
* master
[ravi89@c0021 Tutorial_June_2018]$

Git Cheat Sheet

A lot of the content on this page has been taken from this cheatsheet